从个人何以到社会——论经典社会学家关于社会学基本问题的回答

社会学的一个基本问题是探讨个人与社会的关系,各种社会学理论以及方法论的差异,充分体现出了对于这个基本问题的不同回答。对19世纪到20世纪初期,涂尔干、韦伯、齐美尔、帕累托这四位古典社会学家对社会学基本问题回答做一个比较分析。他们四人生活在几乎同一时期的欧洲,因为具体的社会背景以及学术渊源的影响,导致他们的社会观与方法论有着很大的不同。但是在个人与社会的关系这个问题的回答上,尽管他们四人的内容有所不同,但是他们所采取的方法却有着相似的统一,这就是几乎都试图从个人层面寻找出既同个人相关而又超越于个人的共同中介因素,而用这个中介性因素或者概念工具达到他们研究社会的目的。     

民族传统文化视域中的创造社小说

民族传统文化和创造社小说的关系,不仅仅是表层契合,更重要的是潜在的作用和深层的回应。民族传统文化已经内化为创造社作家的价值观和审美观,在小说创作的审美情趣、人物性格的文化内涵、体式上的传统渊源三个方面显示出鲜明特质。创造社小说对民族传统文化的承传与超越,为后人提供了中西文学融合的成功经验。     

论马克思“重建个人所有制”的逻辑前提

理论界对马克思“重建个人所有制”理论争论已久,观点多样,如“生产资料论”“消费资料论”“生活资料论”“个人财产论”“股份制论”等,但是很少专题考察“重建个人所有制”的前提条件.廓清它是“什么样社会”里对“什么样的个人”的重建,是解决此问题的必要逻辑前提.这对中国特色社会主义的理论建设具有十分重要的现实意义.     

大数据与微时代： 虚拟社会公共服务体系的双重建构

大数据与微时代引发了虚拟社会的多重变革，新的服务理念和服务模式呼之欲出，虚拟社会公共服务的走向、模式、内涵正在发生深刻变化。但是受到推送途径、参与机制、数据基础、保障措施等因素的制约，虚拟社会公共服务的质量和效率相对有限，其体系面临着解构与重构。大数据与微时代是当前虚拟社会公共服务体系建构中不可或缺的重要因素，通过培育公共服务精神、推进虚拟社会公共服务均等化发展、强化多元参与主体间的良性互动、完善虚拟社会公共服务体系建构秩序等途径，科学、合理地对其加以运用，将会有效助推虚拟社会公众服务的不断创新和发展。     

Fostering social capital in an international multi-stakeholder issue network

Scholars have theorized that public relations contributes to societies and communities by bringing attention to pressing public issues and fostering social capital in civil society networks. However, the extant research has studied civil society networks of NGOs, donors, and the media in transitional countries. This study extends the public relations model of civil society in two ways. First, it broadens the scope to an international context. Second, it draws from the multi-stakeholder issue network perspective to conceptualize a civil society network as a space where stakeholders of an issue mix their interests as they collectively address a pressing public issue. The literature on international and multi-stakeholder networks suggest that the international scope and the mixing of interests across sectors may restrict the production of social capital. The results from the social network analysis suggests that the mixing of interests across sectoral and geopolitical boundaries did not restrict the production of social capital. Rather, the patterns of the relationships among those on the core and those on the periphery of the network restricted the production of social capital. Such finding demonstrates how public relations’ functions like relationship building can have profound influences on social capital and civil society networks. The implications for public relations theorizing and research are discussed.     

追寻遗失的美好--解读《追风筝的人》中的生态意蕴

《追风筝的人》是阿富汗裔美国作家卡勒德·胡赛尼的第一部小说。这部小说一出版便引起世界范围的关注，胡赛尼也因此获得了联合国人道主义奖。小说中不仅有感人至深的故事情节，还蕴含着作者对战争、社会和人性的思考。本文从生态批评的角度出发，揭示小说中所描绘的战争带给自然的破坏、阿富汗社会存在的问题以及由此产生的精神失衡现象，探讨其中的生态意蕴，探寻作者独特的生态伦理思想。     

Gezi Park and EuroMaidan: social movements at the borders

Both Turkey and Ukraine are located at the external borders of the European Union (EU), and are seen as important partners of the EU, especially in terms of economic relations and strategic partnership. Both countries experienced en masse protest events in 2013: the Gezi Park protests and EuroMaidan, starting, respectively, in May 2013 and November 2013. Although these protests started initially for different reasons – the brutal eviction of a sit-in organized for protecting the trees in Taksim Gezi Park and the Ukrainian government's abandonment of EU trade agreement talks – and seem spatially, temporally and ideologically separate, they both include claims related to a “more just and transparent system”. Such claims are not purely political and are closely linked to a social dimension, especially in terms of local and European space-making. This article aims to understand the importance of Gezi Park and EuroMaidan within the framework of new social movements in terms of space-making and the perception of human rights, democracy, justice, identitarian politics and consensual social relations as Euro-concepts or European ideals.     

Information society and digital divide in South Africa: results of longitudinal surveys

Integration into the information society implies that information plays an increasingly important role in all sectors of society and holds distinct social and economic benefits. Discourses on the information society are, however, also associated with the digital divide and inequalities in access to and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Within sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa is often regarded as one of the most information-integrated societies due to widespread mobile phone ownership, among other things. However, while ICT access has been emphasized, research also points to the role of demographic, socio-economic and cultural factors such as ethnicity, income, education and gender. This article discusses the results of questionnaire surveys conducted by Afrobarometer among probability South African samples in 2008 and 2011. The results indicate that individual Internet use and mobile Internet access were lower than estimated in the literature. Furthermore, gender gaps, as well as considerable gaps between population groups and educational levels, were found in Internet and computer use, mobile ownership and access to mobile Internet and accessing news via the Internet. Conclusions regarding strategies for bridging the digital divide and integrating South Africa into the information society are discussed.     

消费文化的道德规约

在消费社会里，人类的消费活动、消费过程文化意义越来越浓厚，消费文化对人类消费活动的引领作用亦随之明显。文化自身承载着意义，拥有教育功能和批判精神。拟使消费文化发挥更多的积极的导向作用，不仅要发挥文化的积极意义和批判精神，还应强调消费文化的真正正义，使消费文化释放出更多的“正能量”，表现出一种道德担当。在一个人均资源并不丰厚的国度里，消费既包含文化，也包含道德规约；既包括文化牵引，也涵盖道德自觉。     

Globalization and Collective Labor Rights

The impact of globalization has been a perennial source of contention, and issues regarding labor rights have been a visible aspect of this struggle. Despite the popular controversy about a potential “race to the bottom” regarding globalization and labor rights, the empirical record on these linkages remains mixed. Moreover, despite the multifaceted nature of globalization, extant literature in this area has focused purely on several specific facets of economic globalization, such as trade and FDI. We focus on two additional aspects of globalization, social and political integration, as well as a broadly based measure of economic globalization, and examine how they influence collective labor rights—both in terms of labor laws, as well as their enforcement in practice—in the developing world from 1986 to 2002. We find that all three facets of globalization are negatively related to labor rights. Specifically, social, political, and economic globalization are related to the decoupling of labor practices from extant labor laws; that is, labor practices deteriorate while labor laws remain largely unaffected.